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Cirkevní otcovia východu

Svätý a slávny veľkomučeník Demeter Myromvonný (26. október)

od autora: · 24 októbra, 2023

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Veľkomučeník Demeter († 306?). Meno tohto svätca, rodáka zo Sirmia, sa spomína 9. apríla v Martyrologium Syriacum a v Martyrologium hieronymianum, ktoré ho kvalifikujú ako diakona; nespomínajú mučeníka s týmto menom, ktorý by bol uctievaný v Solúne.

Pravdepodobne po zničení Sirmia Attilom v roku 441 preniesli kult tohto svätca do Solúna, kde mu asi v rokoch 510 – 520 postavili na starších základoch baziliku intra muros. Nebol tam hrob s relikviami; cibórium nahradzovalo prítomnosť svätcových relikvií.

Politická situácia ovplyvnila vývoj legendy: v roku 535 bolo sídlo prefektúry Illyricum prenesené zo Sirmia do Solúna. Legenda premenila diakona na vojaka a prokonzula, ktorý trpel za cisára Maximiana (306).

Zbierka zázrakov zostavená arcibiskupom Jánom Solúnskym v siedmom storočí označila Demetera za orodovníka a ochrancu mesta pred Avarmi a Slovanmi.

Zobrazenie Demetera v Ríme sa nachádza v Santa Maria Antiqua.

Ikony ho často ukazujú ako vojaka na koni; Cyril a Metod priniesli jeho kult na Moravu a do Panónie a križiaci na Západ.

Gréci oslavujú Demetera 26. októbra; Floro vo svojom martyrológiu ho vkladá do 8. októbra.

Zdroj: V. Saxer – S. Heid: Demetrio Megalomartire, in NDPAC. Z taliančiny preložil o. Ján Krupa


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